Avoide the Backup Tape Graveyard?

Many businesses could find that when in need of a data recovery, their data is not retrievable because it is stored on old tape formats.

Many organizations have electronic data dating back decades and the chances of it being retrieved or rendered inaccessible over time are fairly high. Furthermore, retrieving data that is stored on out-of-date tapes can be costly and may require special equipment.

It is important for a company to look at its past as well as its future. Information that may need to be accessed must be transferred to modern media formats in order to be compliant with current legislation and recoverable in the event of data loss. By maintaining up-to-date records and data on modern media formats, extraction can be quick and painless. Furthermore, storage costs will decrease and the organization will be better aligned with compliance regulations.

In addition to ensuring backups are stored on modern media formats, the following tips may help minimize the chance of backup failure/data disaster.

1.Verify your backups. Backups, regardless of age, are known to fail or not work. This often goes undiscovered until they are needed.

2.Store backup tapes off site. This will ensure your files are preserved if your site experiences a fire, flood or other disaster.

3.Create a safe “home” for your backup tapes. Keep backup tapes stored in a stable environment, without extreme temperatures, humidity or electromagnetism.

4.Track the “expiration date.” Backup tapes are typically rated to be used from 5,000 to 500,000 times, depending on the type of tape. Tape backup software typically will keep track of the tapes, regardless of the rotation system.

5.Maintain your equipment. Clean your tape backup drive periodically, following directions in its manual regarding frequency. Most businesses just send the drive back to the manufacturer when it begins to have problems, but if a drive has problems, so can the backup tapes.

Read More

How To Swap Hard Drive PCB

As we know:  HDD can’t spin; board/chip be burnt; interface broken; etc. These problems are caused by PCB malfunction. Swap PCB of your hard drives can resolve the problems.

Which HDD’s problems are not caused by PCB:
HDD has a buzzing voice or a sound like it is trying to spin.
HDD can spin. However, it makes a lower clicking noise. It spins for a moment and then slow down.
HDD will power up normally (no ticking noises, errors etc) but will not be recognized by the computer
HDD will power up normally and be recognized correctly but will report a size of 0 bytes
HDD will power up but report SMART errors on boot

Hard Drive PCB Circuit Boards:

1. Seagate HDD PCB

These hard drives have 2 architectures: Barracuda (older) and F3 (new generation).

Barracuda Architecture. These hard drives have a dot (.) in the firmware version (“3.CDA”, “8.01”, “3.03”, etc.). Most PCB swaps are simple (~85%). In the other 15%, a ROM chip must be swapped.

F3 Architecture. Hard drives have no dot (.) in the firmware version (“CC44”, “0005HPM1”, “SD01”, etc.). The 8-legged firmware chip will have a number starting with 25, and must be transferred to a new circuit board.

seagatepcb

Note: If your hard drive has a new PCB recognized by incorrect parameters (such as wrong model, different SN, or incorrect firmware), you must swap the chip.

2. Western Digital HDD PCB

WD has 2 types of PCBs.

Type 1 has an 8-legged U12 ROM chip that must be swapped.

Type 2 has a missing U12 chip, and PCB firmware is stored in the big “M” Marvell Controller Chip. That chip can be transferred.

westerndigitalpcb

3. Samsung HDD PCB

Most of the time there is no need for adaptation service, but in some cases an 8-legged firmware chip (with a number starting with 25) must be transferred.

samsungpcb

4. Maxtor HDD PCB

Adaptation service not required. A simple PCB replacement should work.

maxtorpcb

5. Toshiba HDD PCB

Most Toshiba boards have an 8-legged firmware chip that must be swapped. The chip will have a number starting with 25.

For some Toshiba families, the chip might be missing unique adaptive data stored in the large controller chip. That chip can be transferred.

6. Hitachi and IBM HDD PCB

All Hitachi and IBM circuit boards have an 8-legged firmware chip that has a number starting with 25.

hitachipcb

7. Fujitsu HDD PCB

PCB adaptation is not required, but occasionally, a firmware chip transfer is required.

In most cases, swap PCB is not directly change the fault PCB with the donor PCB. Should confirm the donor PCB should be adapted for the HDD.

Most HDD boards have the BIOS (ROM or NVRAM chip) which includes the unique data to access the HDD system area. If the BIOS information is not compatible with your HDD, there is no way to read the HDD’s data. Because of this, we should use the original PCB’s BISO when we swap PCB.

BIOS is the 8pins (4 pins on each sides) with 25P05VP、25P10VP、25F512、25F1024、25F1024AN、SST25VF512、SST25VF010, etc.

How to change BIOS
You can move the BIOS from your original PCB by using hot-air gun, then solder it on the replacement board. Or you can find the electronics repair shop to help you.

If there is no BIOS on the PCB, it means the BIOS is integrated on the Main Controller IC
You should exchange the Main Controller IC to let the HDD be recognized. Move the Main Controller IC (the biggest chip on the board) is complex jobs which need you have certain technique. Some electronics repair shop can do it.

Read More